M. Ramsay1,48 ✉, H. Etheredge2, F. Tluway1, M. E. D’Amato3, Z. Chikwambi4, Y. Hamdi5, I. Alhudiri6, Y. Fakim7, K. M. Ahmad8, N. Belguith9,10, D. Bentley11, M. Boujemaa5, N. Calumbuana12,13, M. Chaouch14, C. Charfeddine5,15, G. Chinien7, N. Dukuze16,17, M. Eljilani6, A. Elzagheid6, N. Ferraz12,18,19, A. Ghoorah7, S. Goorah7, M. Gribaa20,21, S. Guidara22,23, M. Guirat24,25, S. Hazelhurst1,26, M. Jallul6, M. Kasu3, N. Kharrat27, U. Khumalo4, Z. Kingsbury11, I. Kisiangani28, I. Lopes-Cendes19,29, P. Lukusa30,31, P. Makay30,31, J. Makulo32, G. Mubungu30, C. Muhinda17,33, D. M. Mukhongo34,35, A. Murwira36, A. Mustafa6, J. Ndinkabandi17, M. Ngole30,37, Y. Nlandu32, M. Nyathi38, L. Pereira13,39, I. Rejeb40,41, L. L. Santos42,43, D. Sengupta1, A. Shebani6, N. Smyth1, A. Souissi27, M. Trabelsi44,45, A. Rebai27, M. M. Chimpolo12,18, A. Lumaka30, C. Masimirembwa4, S. F. Mohamed28, N. Mulder46, L. Mutesa16,17, N. A. Hanchard47,48 & A. Choudhury1,48
African populations remain substantially under-represented in research studies and global genomic databases. As the ancestral home of anatomically modern humans, Africa holds pride of place regarding human genetic diversity, with a deep and complex evolution over hundreds of thousands of years of human migration, admixture, and exposure to climate changes and infectious agents. Yet our present view of genomic diversity in Africa is sparse and poorly captures the rich variation across its more than 2,000 ethnolinguistic groups. To enhance representation, the Assessing Genetic Diversity in Africa (AGenDA) project, under the umbrella of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium, identified under-represented groups across nine different African countries for human whole-genome sequencing, with a view to enriching global datasets. Here we share our processes, including community engagement, obtaining ethics approvals, navigating legal compliance and developing a common governance framework. AGenDA is a testament to the determination of the scientific community to undertake research in challenging environments. It is led from Africa by African investigators who are the decision-makers in data-sharing processes. AGenDA is a step towards greater African representation in global genomic datasets to advance genomic research towards enabling precision medicine for Africa and the world.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09935-7 Received: 23 April 2025 Accepted: 19 November 2025 Published online: 14 January 2026 Check for updates
Nature | Vol 649 | 15 January 2026